![]() ![]() Propagate product lines – Cobalt alone offers parametric design variations using equations or relationships so you can quickly develop product families from one concept. Generate renderings for sales, training and promotions, export data for fabrication, or send shop drawings to manufacturing. Cobalt’s precise 3D data guarantees accurate drawings and compelling marketing images. This allows the creative process to sustain radical change while still maintaining integrity.īring real products to life – move beyond conceptual design to analyzing, marketing, manufacturing and sales. Start anywhere necessary within the design process and move freely in any direction. Work in a non-linear creative environment – only Ashlar-Vellum’s Organic Workflow allows designers to create outstanding products through easy design iteration, transparent tools, and hands-on control of the production process. Not so with Ashlar-Vellum products.ĭesigner Kevin Quigley facilitates last minute revisions and client changes with ease using Cobalt for a new line of Victoria & Albert bathtubs. Traditional CAD lacks the flexibility to create truly aesthetic, uniquely beautiful forms. ![]() Once you begin working with Vellum® products, you’ll understand the cult following.ĭesign any shape imaginable – even the organic forms essential to high-end design. Sketch in 2D and 3D – play with an idea, explore, discover. It anticipates your needs and quietly offers help without distraction or intrusion. The Vellum® magic is addictive – ask any Ashlar-Vellum customer why they use our products and you’ll hear about “Vellumness.” Across our product line, the uniting element is the magical feel of creative simplicity and efficient power. Luc Heiligenstein designed this sports watch using both Ashlar-Vellum drafting and 3D modeling software. Primarily for designers, engineers and inventors, Cobalt leads the Ashlar-Vellum™ product line with on-demand, dimensionally constrained and equation-driven parametrics that make creating variations on a design faster and easier than ever before in 3D design software. All of our blinds are expertly crafted and come complete with a 3 year guarantee so that you can always feel confident ordering with us.Designers save time and money by moving quickly from conception through completion in the real world of last minute changes. If you have any remaining questions, feel free to get in touch with us directly and a member of our team will be more than happy to help you. Take a look at our comprehensive fitting guide for detailed instructions on how exactly to achieve that clean and professional finish. The fabric sits on a single roller, making installation a case of attaching each side to the wall of your recess. Install these blinds without fear anywhere from your kids' bedrooms to your family living room. To customise the amount of light flow, simply use the cord and chain operation that comes complete with all the necessary child safety features for your peace of mind. As a result, you can enjoy the maximum amount of sunlight flooding through your window during the day in addition to the complete darkness at night. The cassette cleverly prevents gapping as the continuous strip is unrolled, while also allowing the blinds to disappear into it when fully elevated. No light is allowed to penetrate through the fabric, ensuring that your bedrooms become the perfect environment for restful sleep. ![]() The Bella Collection provides optimal blockout shading in an astonishing array of bright and neutral colours. Available in a wide spectrum of colours with almost any combination of practical features, these blinds offer quality shading at a very attractive price. Our Standard Roller blinds are classics for a reason. ![]()
0 Comments
![]() ![]() The locations of darker value are addressed first. Next, we can begin to establish a bit of color and value. We'll begin the drawing by lightly drawing the shape of the apple with a brown pastel. Oil Pastel Drawing of an Apple - Step by Step A step by step breakdown of the process can be found further down this page. In this simple lesson, we take a look at drawing an apple with oil pastels. Colors can be easily layered and blended with multiple applications. The pigmentation is rich and the consistency of the binder is buttery. My favorite oil pastels are the Expressionist Oil Pastels (affiliate link) by Sakura. For most beginners, it is suggested to start with a higher quality oil pastel since the difference in price is minimal. Sets are widely available and quality can be had without much investment. Oil pastels are relatively inexpensive compared to other art media. The artist can also allow the color of the paper to show through pastel applications in areas to add interest. Starting with a middle value allows the artist to "push" values lighter or darker. Most artists will find that starting with a toned paper will help in creating a full range of value in the drawing. Featuring a medium tooth, the paper allows for multiple applications of both soft pastels and oil pastels. This paper is specially designed to accept applications of pastel. The surface used in this demonstration is Canson Mi-Teintes paper (affiliate link). ![]() Smoother surfaces can still accept multiple applications, but to a lesser degree. Multiple, layered applications of color often leads to more depth in the image. Most pastel artists choose to work on surfaces with a substantial tooth because multiple applications of pastel can be applied. A heavier tooth or rougher texture of the paper can produce a grainy image while a smoother texture creates a sharper image. The tooth or texture of the paper also affects the finished image. (Some of the following links are affiliate links which means we earn a small commission if you purchase at no additional cost to you.)Īrtists may chose to work on a variety of surfaces including paper, canvas, cardboard, or masonite. Care should be taken to avoid this by planning out the layers of colors that are to be added. If too much material is applied to the surface, colors can become muddied.Īnother side effect comes when the pastels take up or "pull up" previous applications. Oil pastels can be layered like soft pastels, but only to a certain degree. This has to be taken into consideration when using oil pastels. As a result, oil pastels are more difficult to blend with a finger or a blending stump. Similarities to Soft Pastelsīecause oil pastels consist of an oil binder, they are less powdery than soft pastels. Many people consider pastel a painting medium, even though the process of applying the medium is clearly drawing. Thus, a finished oil pastel drawing has many of the characteristics of a finished painting. The nature of oil pastels allows the artist to work them in a similar way to painting. Oil Pastels have an oily consistency that produces a painterly effect. Oil pastels are made up of a pigment that is held together by linseed oil. There are two types of pastels - oil and soft (or chalk). Although some of the techniques used to draw with both types of pastels are similar, oil pastels and soft pastels are uniquely different. Oil pastels behave in a similar fashion to traditional soft pastels, but they also possess characteristics that are similar to that of crayons. ![]() ![]() There’s an awkward-hot threesome in season 1, episode 6 between Malin Akerman, Kate Micucci, and Orlando Bloom. The Hottest Part: Where to start? Because this show weaves in so many different relationships, it’s hard to pick one moment that’s decisively the hottest. Easy offers a super-candid look at sex and relationships, leading to some of the sexiest and most authentic-feeling moments available on Netflix right now. The show has an episodic anthology format, meaning you don’t need to watch previous episodes to understand what’s going on at any given time. It’s got a great ensemble cast that takes you on many different journeys through a changing Chicago, analyzing modern love from a spate of different perspectives. ![]() This 2016 comedy anthology series has three seasons, all of them jam-packed with sexy scenes and storylines. Clear your desk, because this will definitely give you a few ideas for your next WFH day…. The Hottest Part: An illicit hookup someplace your parents/boss can walk in is basically the bread and butter of the sequel film, but the best scene has to be when Tessa and Hardin go at it in her office 55 minutes in. We’re talking lots of sex that’ll have you pausing, rewinding, and taking breaks to splash cold water on your face. In it, Hessa is.not great at communication and holding down a healthy relationship (so don’t watch for a love story to emulate, pls), but they sure are dynamite in the bedroom. The second installment of the After series, however, is on Netflix. It’s a bit more “tease” than “in-your-face sex,” but it sets up the heated nature of the whole series. The first movie (which is unfortunately no longer on Netflix, but you can still rent it on Amazon!) explores how the couple meets and how they *ahem* get to know each other. The After series follows on-again, off-again college-age couple Tessa and Hardin (aka Hessa) through the ups and downs of young love and steamy sex. Perfect Playthings to Pair With Your Steamy Viewing Sesh : 16 Clit-Sucking Vibrators That Maaay Just Change Your Life, The 60 Best Vibrators for Women, The 21 Best Vibrating Panties to Rock Your Body All Day and Night And because we’re so committed to your pleasure, we also noted which scenes are the hottest for each selection, so you don’t have to scroll through a million seasons to find the good stuff. ![]() ![]() Whatever you need to scratch that horny itch, you can probably find it on Netflix, which is why we put together the following list of 30 (!!) hot picks you can watch wherever, whenever. And on Netflix, you can find anything from regency-era trysts, to LGBTQ+ love stories, to threesomes and group sex galore. It’s that beautifully erotic, and you should 100 percent spend your money on supporting these artists and performers, period.īut! If there’s one thing we’re good at, it’s giving you all the horny options at your disposal so you can have the best sex ever. And thanks to world-class filmmakers like Erika Lust and Madison Young, there’s feminist porn out there that doubles as art. But please note: This doesn’t mean you shouldn’t support ethical porn, which is a fantastic way to get in the mood. Now, is this Netflix porn as, ahem, *visual* as the actual porn you can find online? No-but it’s just as sexy, especially for nights when you don’t feel like deleting your search history, or you’re on a strict budget, or you’re craving more backstory with your hookups. There are tons of steamy, R-rated sex scenes on Netflix between characters whose chemistry is absolutely *chef’s kiss*, and trust-there’s nothing hotter than seeing two (or more?) actors you’ve grown attached to finally give in to the sexual tension that’s been building since the very first scene. What if we told you you didn’t have to go far to access some seriously hot sex scenes that pair perfectly with a glass of wine and your favorite vibrator? And by “not far,” we literally mean a streaming service you’re most likely already paying for: Netflix. ![]() ![]() Once you are done, you can play around with an array of 3D, screen resolution, and tiling options available, and choose one that befits you. Right-click the image and select the option to set it as your background. Select a photograph from your collection. How do I make an image my desktop wallpaper? You can do this by following a simple process: 1. All you need to do is to know how to save images as wallpapers, and there you go! You will have a wallpaper that suits your needs and preferences. Can I design desktop wallpapers? Yes, you can! You do not need to be a graphic designer for you to do this. That said, desktop wallpapers cannot be ignored, they mean different things to different people. Adding a quote will act as a reminder of what inspires you in your day-to-day life. Interesting, huh? You can add an image that shows how you feel or one that means something to you. The Old School Runescape Map with tracked music : MapPorn. pixel 3xl runescape oldschool wallpaper Tave Reviews. Youll find a delightful collection of images carefully selected. Sometimes, people display their feelings through the use of desktop wallpapers. Thank you for exploring pixel 3 runescape oldschool images images on. They add glamor to your computer and make it look aesthetically appealing and highly presentable. ![]() However, this element comes with a sense of beauty. In fact, you can decide to use a dark colour, and life will move on as usual. What is the use of a desktop wallpaper? Well, adding a wallpaper to your desktop is not mandatory. ![]() What you need to know is that these images that you add will neither increase nor decrease the speed of your computer. A desktop wallpaper is highly customizable, and you can give yours a personal touch by adding your images (including your photos from a camera) or download beautiful pictures from the internet. The background of this screen can be a single colour, multiple colours, or some other graphical representations. What is a desktop wallpaper? When you boot your computer, there is an initial screen that comes up, in which your folders, documents, and software shortcuts are placed. ![]() ![]() ![]() We are also enriched with helpful customer support 24/7 that’s going to be with you in case of any concerns or issues. Without losing time you will reach your destination of creating your logo using our logo animator. ![]() We assure you that once you are on our website, your search is going to end here forever. We also keep on adding new features and logos on our website from time to time. The concept of our website is very unique and is different from others. Unlike other websites, our logo builder is easy to use and gives you endless opportunities to create logo of your choice. We provide the exact type of animation logo that your company might be needing. Or browse through our templates and choose one that works for you. Kapwing does a good job at flipping a GIF online whether you’re trying to make a meme or creating a batch of content for work. You need to find a tool that can flip a GIF or invert a GIF without losing its quality or making the tool glitch. Either way, make sure your animated banner is under the GIF file size limit of 10MB. Use our free logo maker to make a cool logo in a few steps. Depending on the GIF editor you’re using, you can flip a GIF horizontally or vertically by 180 degrees. ![]() The recommended time for your animated banner should be 6 seconds, but the maximum limit is 15 seconds. PNG, and GIF files, so you can upload a still banner or an animated banner. Now create animations logos effortlessly and hassle-free. Make your own Discord banner for your profile and server online for free. Upload your own GIFs With Tenor, maker of GIF Keyboard, add popular Gif Logo Maker animated GIFs to your conversations. Here is the website that can prove to be a one-stop destination for animated logo maker. If you are really tired of creating logos yourself and are not able to get the desired results, then your wait is now over. We can animate our 3D logos, find out how to contact our designers, and discuss your project. Start a new project and click on the Web Graphics or Social Graphics tab to access our selection of animated. Our logo Animation Logo Maker templates are unmatched. Log into Visme to access the GIF creator. We just added one more converter to ezgif - SVG to JPG converter.Bring another level of excitement to your brand with an eye-catching Animated Gif Animated Logos, these Cool Logo Animations are designed to work on Websites, Email Signatures and video production, We also offer custom animation options. ![]() We added some tools for converting ANI (Animated Windows mouse cursor files) to GIF and other animated image formats. It supports files in different formats and dimensions. You can create, convert, split and edit AVIF files just like GIFs: Ī tool for extracting video and image components from Android Motion Picture (MVIMG) files: Įzgif now has a simple video merge tool, where you can join together multiple videos and GIFs. Upload file size limit for GIFs and other images increased to 50MB.ĮzGIF now supports AVIF image format. We added dark mode to, it's automatically selected based on your browser settings. support for a few less common video file formats e.g.more FPS options for the video to GIF (apng/webp/avif) converter.option to manually select files in a specific order for upload to the GIF maker.I made a few users suggested updates to the site: SVG to PNG converter now supports setting the fill color for files that support dynamically changing the color based on currentColor variable (e.g., most icons). Today I added APNG support to the animation speed and overlay tools, and fixed an APNG bug in the censor tool. We have doubled the maximum upload file size! Now you can upload GIFs and other images up to 100MB. ![]() ![]() ![]() My normal spot for building my auricula theatre has been taken up with a temporary log pile!īack to the Flower Show favourites and another great one was the beautiful Hooksgreen Herb exhibit. Today I popped my parent plants of Brenda’s Choice, Piers Telford and Beatrice on the doorstep so that we can enjoy their flowers. I bought my first auriculas about four years ago and now have quite a collection and this is exactly the time of year that they come into their own. (Sorry not the best photo but the display was lovely) My favourites – well I do love auriculas and so loved seeing them in displays, gardens and also the stunning theatre on the Hill View Hardy Plants. Being early in the year I was full of admiration for the exhibitors who had coaxed plants into flower or leaf but yet had not gone over the top to create false shows. It was just the right size to wander round for a day taking in the gardens, displays and the stalls. The Show was held in Bute Park, about 10 minutes walk from the station. I needn’t have worried it was a perfect day. It had been a long week and I was a bit tired so wasn’t sure if I could face seeing perfection knowing that I had left a lot of imperfection at home! So last Friday I set off to spend the day at the RHS Flower Show Cardiff with mixed feelings. So here is lovely little broad bean plant ready to go into the ground with a healthy root system and a few minutes later happily planted!Ī trip to a garden or a flower show is always a risky thing – it can generate a feeling of enthusiasm or a feeling of complete hopelessness when the realisation dawns that the perfection observed will never be achieved. I find that if you put tow or three little newspaper pots in a 9cm pot then fill with compost and plant the beans they are easy to move around and the plastic pot reduces the amount of water that is lost through evaporation. A good use fo the excess newspaper and a biodegradable pot that can be popped straight into the row in the vegetable plot. So I have planted broad beans and french beans in little newspaper pots. Beans and peas really don’t like having their roots disturbed so planting in a seed tray and then pricking out is not an option. This year I decided to get one step ahead of my furry friends. How many times over the years have we watched for the first sign of the broad beans and peas only to find that they have been munched by our friendly mice and voles and not a single one is left to grow. Mice and voles are cute furry little creatures until they find a vegetable grower and then there is a conflict of interest! What havoc they can create – in the seed trays and in the vegetable garden. Maybe coming home from holiday is not too bad! Finely chopped courgettes with a tiny red onion and slivers of freshly picked cucumber. We enjoyed an egg salad with lettuce, radish, basil, rocket and potatoes. The french, broad and runner beans are looking hopeful but where are the parsnips? They are usually one of our best crops and as for the peas it will be a meagre crop.īut after unpacking there was a real sense of satisfaction and living the good life when we picked and harvested and then we sat in the evening sunshine and ate a completely home produced meal (well except for the mayonnaise). ![]() And as usual there are the successes this time- lettuce, radish, cucumbers, courgettes and potatoes. Next stop is to check the vegetable garden and greenhouse to see how things have fared. Roses, delphiniums, hollyhock,sweet peas on long stems and mesembryanthemum which bring back childhood memories of lying on my tummy watching the flowers open as the rays of the sun warmed them only to close again when a cloud passed by. Yes the weeds have done well but so has the garden. ![]() When we got back today I was amazed at how things had grown in eight days. There is the thought of work, routine and things to be done, But as soon as the house appears and we enter the drive there is that feeling of homecoming and familiarity and then there is the excitement of seeing what has happened in the garden – always the first thing before unloading the car or checking the house. It’s always hard coming home after a lovely holiday. ![]() ![]() ![]() The software can download and convert YouTube videos to MP3, M4A, FLAC, AAC, MP4, MKV, AVI, MPEG, WMV, and other lossless or lossy formats with no degradation. It's a robust and stable video toolbox for Mac with a wide array of features. Cisdem Video Converter is considered the best in its category. There is a host of YouTube converter programs on the market. ![]() It took us 2 weeks to complete it.īest Offline YouTube to MP3 Converter for Mac Review Top 1 - Cisdem Video Converter YouTube Shorts, playlist, single movie & music video on YouTubeĬonvert YouTube more than 20 min, 60 min or 2h, also include videos under 5 minģrd, analyze the test content and start writingīased on the tests, we picked out the best tools to convert YouTube to MP3 on Mac and wrote this report. We should consider 5 criteria: ease of use, performance, quality, batch processing capabilities, supported file formats, and safety. To begin with, we need to identify what makes a good YouTube video to MP3 converter. To help you get the top YouTube to MP3 converter for Mac, we have undertaken efforts in 3 aspects: criterion confirmation, testing, and analysis. How We Evaluate the Best YouTube to MP3 Downloader for Mac Mac with M1/M2 chipįree Download macOS 10.12 or later Free Download Windows 11/10/8/7 Run on all new Mac versions & all models, incl.Edit videos with Trim, Subtitles, Merge, Crop, Watermarks, Rotate, etc.Rip DVD to audio and video formats for playback on a digital player.Adjust output audio parameters to make more perfect MP3 quality.No quality loss, keeping at 128kbps, 192kpbs, 256kbps or 320kbps.Convert YouTube videos longer than 20 min or even 2 hours to MP3.Convert YouTube to MP3 or other 600+ formats.Download audio, music, movies, playlist, etc.Cisdem Video Converter The Best YouTube to MP3 Converter for Mac ![]() ![]() ![]() First, that they repent and forsake their elevated status. Those charlatans who occupy the high ground with their manipulation and lies, I wish them two things. I consider myself as a Christian and a Witness of Jehovah. I am ashamed and disgusted to be a Jehovah’s Witness.Īlthough associated with a congregation in my heart I am not a JW. So, I can really relate to what these two former witnesses are saying and to use a phrase from the Society their story has the ‘ring of truth’. In my time I have experienced the bureaucratic nightmare and the willingness of elders to lie and dishonour themselves in front of God, just to save face. His gruff exterior oftentimes belied his genuine compassion for others, including Franz. I think it worthwhile to note that in spite of his sometimes intimidating words, Swingle was, at least for a time, a good friend and ally of Raymond Franz. Franz told me in subsequent conversations that Swingle had known no other life except Bethel, and no doubt, this was an overriding factor in his compliance with the Society. We will never know whether he was of the same mind as those courageous men at Bethel who obeyed their own conscience. In spite of Swingle’s harsh treatment of these two brothers who sought an audience with him, I believe he was in a great deal of personal turmoil over the lynch mob mentality of the Governing Body and other zealots within the organization. ![]() He also told Franz that he should not resign, not give up. Some of what Franz wrote about Swingle led me think that he was of the same opinion about the last days and the “Gentile Times” ending in 1914. I was both thrilled and terrified to read it… sometime before I found and read the book, I had decided I could no longer accept Witness theology. Six or seven years later I found “Crisis of Conscience” in the Marriott Library at the U. I heard about their discussion first-hand from my father at that time I was still a faithful Witness. They told him that even though an individual was responsible for the whole idea, it was still published through the Society’s literature, and therefore, the Society was culpable for the whole misleading blunder. His response was that the date was merely the idea of an individual… implying that the Society was not wholly responsible for all the sensationalism during the years leading up to 1975.īoth of his half-brothers were Elders at the time and they rejected his explanation. In the late 1970’s, Lyman’s two younger half-brothers (one of whom was my father) confronted him about the 1975 fiasco. I never asked him about his relationship with Ray Franz He certainly would have refused to talk about it. Swingle responded to these two Witnesses. Two elders that actually flew to meet Ray Franz and Peter Gregerson in 1981 when it all went down and called Bro Barr and Bro Swingle and begged them to meet with them. His seminal works will be read and re-read by those struggling to make sense of the Watchtower Society and other high control groups for many years to come. When he woke up to the truth about the truth, he struggled with and went through his crisis and told us about it in a candid, humble manner. Millions of Witnesses unknowingly study his articles regularly, right off of the bound volumes in the Watchtower library, and especially in the many sections he wrote for the excellent Bible encyclopedia Insight on the Scriptures.īut the most significant of his writings are Crisis of Conscience and In Search of Christian Freedom. ![]() Hundreds of thousands of Jehovah’s Witnesses have been personally touched by this gentle brother who served Jehovah God and Jesus Christ zealously for so many years. One year ago Brother Ray Franz finished his earthly course. ![]() ![]() ![]() However, during the timed portion for Part B, students may work on the problems in Part A without the use of a calculator. Students must wait until the beginning of the timed 60 minutes for Part B. Percent of Total Score: 50% Writing Instrument: Pencil required Part A: Number of Questions: 28 Time: 55 minutes No calculator allowed Part B: Number of Questions: 17 Time: 50 minutes Graphing calculator required Section II Total Time: 1 hour 30 minutes Number of Questions: 6 Percent of Total Score: 50% Writing Instrument: Either pencil or pen with black or dark blue ink Note: For Section II, if students finish Part A before the end of the timed 30 minutes for Part A, they cannot begin working on Part B. Section I Total Time: 1 hour 45 minutes Number of Questions: 45* *The number of questions may vary slightly depending on the form of the exam. Section II Total Time, Calculus BC: 1 hr. 30 min.Section I Total Time, Calculus BC: 1 hr. ![]() Section II Total Time, Calculus AB: 1 hr. Permission to use copyrighted College Board materials may be requested online at: Exam Instructions The following contains instructions taken from the 2015−16 AP Exam Instructions book.ģ6 AP® Calculus AB/BC Exam Regularly Scheduled Exam Date: Thursday morning, Late-Testing Exam Date: Thursday morning, Section I Total Time, Calculus AB: 1 hr. All other products and services may be trademarks of their respective owners. College Board, Advanced Placement Program, AP, SAT and the acorn logo are registered trademarks of the College Board. This publication was not repaginated to begin with page 1. An y additional distributio n is in violation of the Colleg e Board ’s copyrigh t policies and ma y resul t in the terminatio n of Practice Exam acces s fo r you r school as well as the removal of access to othe r onlin e service s suc h as the A P T eacher Communit y an d Onlin e Scor e Repo rts.Ĭontents Exam Instructions Student Answer Sheet for the Multiple -Choice Section Section I: Multiple -Choice Questions Section II: Free -Response Questions Multiple -Choice Answer Key Free- Response Scoring Guidelines Scoring Worksheet Question Descriptors and Performance Data Note: This publication shows the page numbers that appeared in the 201 5−16 AP Exam Instructions book and in th e actual exam. Further distribution o f thes e material s outsid e of the secur e Colleg e Board sit e disadvantages teachers wh o rel y on uncirculated questions fo r classroo m testing. ![]() To maintai n th e securit y of this exam, teacher s shoul d collec t all material s afte r thei r administratio n an d keep them in a secure location. Teacher s ar e permitted to download th e material s an d mak e copies to use wit h thei r student s in a classroo m settin g onl y. Thi s Released Exa m is provided by th e Colleg e Boar d for AP Exam preparation. 2016 AP Calculus AB Practice Exam MCQ Multiple Choice Questions with Answers Advanced Placement.pdf | Plain TextĪP ® Calculus AB Practice Exam From the 2 016 Administration This exam ma y no t be posted on school or persona l websites, no r electronically redistribute d fo r an y reason. ![]() ![]() ![]() These bundles of short upright fibres are key to plasma stability, effectively providing an array of lightning rods so that the plasma filaments from each coalesce giving a uniform and extremely high temperature. Some of the carbon fibres woven into the felt naturally lie flat while others stand upright. The researchers used carbon fibre felt at either side of their atmospheric pressure plasma cavity. The plasma reactor with carbon-fibre-tip electrodes visible Source: © Hua Xie et al/Springer Nature Limited 2023 ‘We have tips so we have high temperature, but they support each other so we have stability.’ The carbon advantage ‘What we do here is we have a combination of both,’ says Liangbing Hu at the University of Maryland. The temperature difference between the plasma filament and the gas around it makes these plasmas very unstable. However, here the temperature only increases along the filament. Using a sharp tip that concentrates the electric field around it can create a plasma filament at atmospheric pressure by providing a preferred route for electrons to take – the principle behind lightning rods. To generate high-temperature plasmas, higher pressures are required so that collisions between the more closely packed ions will increase their velocities. As the velocity of the ions left behind is barely changed, the temperature of the gas itself remains low. However, the low mass of electrons means that even at high velocities they don’t have the momentum to affect chemical reactions. ![]() The stable plasmas familiar in neon signs and televisions exploit very low pressures, where an applied voltage strips electrons from a gas, which then hurtle towards the positive electrode. ![]() |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |